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人文科学研究要特别重视积累与传承

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作者:
廖可斌
出版日期:
2002-05-20
正文快照:
要真正繁荣人文科学,必须尊重人文科学本身的特点和规律。人文科学的重要特征之一,是研究对象相对固定。与自然科学技术研究的对象日新月异不断变换相比,人文科学始终关注的不外乎人类生存的意义是什么,怎样面对死亡,灵与肉的关系是什么,人与人(包括男与女)之间的关系应该怎样等问题。人类自从具有反思能力以来一直在思考这些问题,只不过它们的具体表现形式与世推移有所变化而已。如we自术比作一列向无穷深邃的时空隧道高速飞驶的火车,那么人文科学则有如一群人围绕舞蹈旋转的一座亘古不熄的火堆。不同时代的人文科学思考者,只是根据自己所面对的特定现实和自身的独特感受,从不同的方位角度,给这火堆投去一根枯枝,或一片干叶,以使它的火焰永不熄灭而已。人文科学研究对象的相对固定,决定了人文科学的发展具有很强的继承性。由于思考的核心命题基本不变,前人经过艰苦探索,完全有可能达到后人难以企及的高度。当代一个普通知识程度的人所掌握的自然科学技术知识,已远非古代一个科学家所可比拟,但我们很难说当代某个人文科学学者对人的本质、人的生存状态、特别是人的精神世界的洞察已超越古代圣贤。从事自然科学技术的人与从事人文科学的人都尊重自己所属学科领域的先驱,但尊重的心理机制以至程度可能有所不同。现代自然科学家会肯定德谟克利特在科学史上所起的历史作用,至于他所提出的原子论等学说,则早已被近代物理学所超越;现代人文科学家尊重孔子、孟子、柏拉图、亚里斯多德等,则不仅仅因为他们在人文科学发展史上曾起过重要历史作用,而且因为他们的学说至今仍能给人以无穷启迪,他们的著作常读常新。
期次:
第95期
版次:
4
来源:
浙江大学报

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